Today 24 Carat Gold Price in Jalandhar – Updated
Gram
24 Carat Gold Today
24 Carat Gold Yesterday
1 gram
₹4,786
₹4,787
₹ -1
8 gram
₹38,288
₹38,296
₹ -8
10 gram
₹47,860
₹47,870
₹ -10
100 gram
₹4,78,600
₹4,78,700
₹ -100
Today 22 Carat Gold Price in Jalandhar – Updated
Gram
22 Carat Gold Today
22 Carat Gold Yesterday
Daily Price Change
1 gram
₹4,686
₹4,687
₹ -1
8 gram
₹37,488
₹37,496
₹ -8
10 gram
₹46,860
₹46,870
₹ -10
100 gram
₹4,68,600
₹4,68,700
₹ -100
Today Gold Rate In Jalandhar :
In recent decades, the gold rate in Jalandhar has been fairly variable since it is influenced by a variety of variables in both the domestic and international markets. The city’s rich history is one of the most important elements influencing the gold rate in Jalandhar.
Jalandhar (formerly Jullundur) is a city in India’s Punjab province. Jalandhar is a well-connected rail and road junction located alongside the Grand Trunk Road. Jalandhar is 146 kilometres northwest of Jalandhar, Punjab and Haryana’s state capital and 82.5 kilometres (51.2 miles) southeast of Amritsar. During Company control in India and the British Raj, Jullundur was the most popular English spelling.
Compare 22k & 24k Gold Rate in Jalandhar
| Gold | Today | Yesterday | Rate Change |
| Standard Gold (22 K) ( 1 gram ) | ₹ 4,610 | ₹ 4,560 | ₹ 50 ↑ |
| Standard Gold (22 K) ( 8 grams ) | ₹ 36,880 | ₹ 36,480 | ₹ 400 ↑ |
| Pure Gold (24 K) ( 1 gram ) | ₹ 5,030 | ₹ 4,976 | ₹ 54 ↑ |
| Pure Gold (24 K) ( 8 grams ) | ₹ 40,240 | ₹ 39,808 | ₹ 432 ↑ |
Last 10 Days Gold Rates
STANDARD GOLD 22K
PURE GOLD 24K
1 GRAM
10 GRAM
1 GRAM
10 GRAM
24 July 2021
Rs. 4,686.00
Rs. 46,860
Rs. 4,786.00
Rs. 47,860
23 July 2021
Rs. 4,687.00
Rs. 46,870
Rs. 4,787.00
Rs. 47,870
22 July 2021
Rs. 4,690.00
Rs. 46,900
Rs. 4,790.00
Rs. 47,900
21 July 2021
Rs. 4,712.00
Rs. 47,120
Rs. 4,812.00
Rs. 48,120
20 July 2021
Rs. 4,730.00
Rs. 47,300
Rs. 4,830.00
Rs. 48,300
19 July 2021
Rs. 4,704.00
Rs. 47,040
Rs. 4,804.00
Rs. 48,040
18 July 2021
Rs. 4,719.00
Rs. 47,190
Rs. 4,819.00
Rs. 48,190
17 July 2021
Rs. 4,720.00
Rs. 47,200
Rs. 4,820.00
Rs. 48,200
16 July 2021
Rs. 4,735.00
Rs. 47,350
Rs. 4,835.00
Rs. 48,350
15 July 2021
Rs. 4,709.00
Rs. 47,090
Rs. 4,809.00
Rs. 48,090
Gold Rate in Jalandhar
Because Gold Rate in Jalandhar is set on a nationwide basis for per gramme value, the price of gold in Jalandhar will be the same as it is across the state. Banking institutions and gold jewellery makers are the most prevalent gold importers in India.
Gold Rate in Jalandhar is also influenced by the availability of gold to meet loan demand.
List of banks providing gold loan in Jalandhar
Bank / NBFC
Rate Per Gram
Interest Rate
Gold Loan Tenure
Min – Max Loan Amount
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.099
3 to 24 months
₹ 10 thousand to 5 crore
Private Gold Loan
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.1
6 to 12 months
₹ 10 thousand to 5 crore
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.12
7 days to 36 months
₹ 3 thousand to 1 crore
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.1225
12 months
₹ 3 thousand to 1 crore
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.1025
36 months
₹ 20 thousand to 50 lakh
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.1
3 to 36 months
₹ 10 thousand to 5 crore
SBI Gold Loan
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.0975
12 to 36 months
₹ 20 thousand to 50 lakh
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.075
3 to 36 months
₹ 20 thousand to 50 lakh
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.1025
12 months
₹ 20 thousand to 50 lakh
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.1025
12 months
₹ 10 thousand to 5 crore
IIFL Gold Loan
₹ 3,506 to ₹ 4,621
0.12
11 months
₹ 3 thousand to 50 lakh
How are Gold Rates Decided?
After subtracting their fee, banks send this gold to dealers, making it somewhat more expensive than the rate at which it was imported. Gold Rate in Jalandhar is strongly influenced by internal and external factors of the market.
How do Gold Traders Determine Future Gold Prices in Jalandhar?
Gold has become a scarce commodity in its natural state, with only a few nations possessing significant amounts. As a result, new gold is not always accessible, and supply fluctuates over time, forcing us to make do with what we have. Prices can alter substantially when the demand-supply balance shifts, which is something to keep in mind while determining rates in India.
In contrast to prior years, India’s natural gold reserves are diminishing, and the country’s gold production is declining. As a result, India imports the majority of its gold, making import taxes a significant factor in the Gold Rate in Jalandhar. Inevitably, a high import rate will lead to a higher Gold Rate in Jalandhar and vice versa.
The performance of the US dollar has a significant impact on Gold Rate in Jalandhar since Gold Rate in Jalandhar is inversely proportionate to dollar rates. Because gold is a worldwide traded commodity and the US dollar is the world’s most extensively used currency, this relationship exists. Any events that occur in the United States will have a direct or indirect influence on Gold Rate in Jalandhar. Prices in India are impacted by global markets since the great majority of gold purchased in India is imported.
Gold Rate in Jalandhar can rise as a result of tensions between global powers, altering state-to-state relationships. If the US has strained ties with a major gold producer, for example, Gold Rate in Jalandhar may fall as a result of a supply deficit. The relaxation of sanctions and the restoration of global ties have an impact on gold since it is seen as a hedge against geopolitical volatility.
What Leads to the Increment of Gold Rates When the Stock Market Falls?
- Because of its fairly unchanging character when contrasted to currencies, gold has enormous value and is used to hedge inflation. As a result, investors prefer gold to money. As a result, demand for gold increases as inflation rises, and vice versa. The price of gold will rise as a result of greater customer demand. This is true for both local and foreign inflation in India.
- The central banks of most big countries have both money and gold reserves. Two well-known examples are the Reserve Bank of India and the Federal Reserve of the United States. The Gold Rate in Jalandhar rises when large countries’ central banks begin hoarding gold reserves and purchasing more gold. Gold is becoming more expensive. This is due to the fact that the market’s cash flow has increased while the gold supply has declined.
- Any movement in Gold Rate in Jalandhar around the world has an effect on the price of yellow metal in India. This is because India is one of the world’s largest gold importers, and as a result, worldwide price fluctuations affect Gold Rate in Jalandhar. Because the value of currencies and many financial instruments may fall during a political upheaval, investors seek gold as a safe haven, and gold demand and rise in Gold Rate in Jalandhar during such times compared to peaceful times.
- India is well-known for its gold jewellery. Whether it’s for holidays or birthdays, gold jewellery holds a special place in Indian households. As a result of heightened consumer demand, Gold Rate in Jalandhar climbs throughout the wedding season and during festivals such as Diwali. The demand-supply imbalance causes prices to rise.
- Gold Rate in Jalandhar is in high demand outside of the jewellery business for a variety of reasons. Metal is used in a variety of electrical gadgets, such as televisions, laptop computers, and GPS systems. In India, Is Gold Rate in Jalandhar as a hedge against rising inflation is used for jewellery, as a gift, to show affluence.
Impact of GST on Gold Rate in Jalandhar
The GST (Goods and Services Tax) is an indirect tax on the provision of goods and services in India (sometimes known as a consumption tax). It’s a multi-stage, destination-based comprehensive tax, with the exception of a few provincial charges. It’s comprehensive since it covers almost all indirect taxes.
The GST is a multi-stage tax imposed at various stages of the manufacturing process, but it is intended to be paid back to all parties involved in the various stages of production except the final consumer, and it is received at the point of consumption rather than the point of origin, as with previous taxes.
To further appreciate the impact of the GST on the Gold Rate in Jalandhar, consider the following scenario. Assume a 24K 10 gms gold bar costs Rs. 55,000 and gold imports are taxed at 10%. Furthermore, assuming a $3,000 manufacturing cost, the price of gold before and after GST is as follows.
| Taxes On Gold | Before GST | After GST |
| Price of 10 gm gold | ₹ 45,000 | ₹ 45,000 |
| Customs Duty (10%) | ₹ 4,500 | ₹ 4,500 |
| Service Tax +VAT(2%) | ₹ 990 | NIL |
| GST on Gold (3%) | NIL | ₹ 1,485 |
| The total value of gold | ₹ 50,490 | ₹ 50,985 |
| Making charges | ₹ 3,000 | ₹ 3,000 |
| GST on making charges (5%) | NIL | ₹ 150 |
| Total Price of Jewelry | ₹ 53,490 | ₹ 54,135 |
Impact of Central Bank Policies on Jalandhar Gold Rate?
Banks and non-bank financial enterprises in India are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The RBI also keeps an eye on firms that provide the best Gold Rate in Jalandhar to their clients. The Reserve Bank of India has policies in place to protect the interests of its customers. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) eased gold lending restrictions on Thursday, enabling lenders to lend up to 90% of the gold pledged.
Banks can already lend up to 75% of the value of gold jewellery and accessories. The central bank increased the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio for Gold Rate in Jalandhar to 90% on the day of the monetary policy announcement. The LTV is the maximum amount of money a lender may lend, depending on the value of the debt collateral.
Gold as an Investment in Jalandhar
Before making an investment, the majority of risk-averse investors look for three things:
- Liquidity, Rewarding and safety are the three important factors to consider.
- All of these things should be taken into account. Gold not only meets the first two conditions brilliantly, but it also meets the third criteria beautifully.
Some of the reasons why you should invest in gold after evaluating the Gold Rate in Jalandhar are:
- Because gold beats inflation, it is a terrific investment. Over time, the rate of return on gold investments has paralleled inflation.
- Gold’s value is inversely related to the value of stock investments. Gold, for example, will trade well if the stock market begins to collapse.
- If you include gold in your portfolio as an investment option, it will function as a hedge against overall portfolio volatility.
How Can You Make Gold Investments in Jalandhar
The “golden question” is what it’s called. Gold was formerly acquired through coins, bullions, artefacts, and jewellery. Two newer kinds of gold investing are gold ETFs (exchange-traded funds) and gold mutual funds.
Gold ETFs allow you to own the same amount of gold as you would if you kept it in your own possession. As a consequence, because the gold is maintained in Demat (paper) form, there is no risk of theft or burglary. Investments in gold mining firms are made through gold funds.
Gold Schemes To Invest in Jalandhar
In the country’s northwest, Jalandhar is a well-known city. It is the state’s fabric production centre and a developing metropolis in Punjab. Learn more about the numerous gold investing possibilities accessible in Jalandhar by looking at the table below:
| Gold | Gold ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) | Gold Funds |
| Investment in physical gold | The investor buys a proportionate value of gold but not in the physical form. | The investment is made in bullion and companies involved in mining gold |
| No need for a Demat account | The investor needs a Demat account | No need for a Demat account to invest |
| Market fluctuations directly affect the prices of gold | Changes in the Gold Rate in Jalandhar affect that of gold ETFs | Changes in the Gold Rate in Jalandhar don’t affect gold funds directly |
| No additional charges other than the physical gold itself | Gold ETFs involve asset management and brokerage fees | There’s a minimum charge to manage the gold funds. |
| Risks of theft and burglary associated with storing physical gold | Gold ETFs remove the burden of trading gold in the physical form | Eliminates the risk of theft/burglary and buffers investments to changing market fluctuations |
| No paperwork required for investing | Paperwork required for investing in gold ETFs | Paperwork is required for investing in gold funds |
| Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) not available | No SIP option | SIP available |
| Best suited for conventional investors | Best suited for investors who have the required time and skillset to trade | Best suited for investors who expect high returns by taking calculated risks |
Some Interesting Facts on Gold
- Gold is the only metal that is yellow or “golden.” When other metals oxidise or react with other chemicals, they can turn yellow, but only when they oxidise or react with other chemicals.
- Almost the majority of the planet’s gold came from meteorites that hit it 200 million years after it was created.
- The Latin word aurum, which means “shining dawn” or “sunrise splendour,” is the source of gold’s element symbol, Au. The words “gold” come from the Proto-Germanic gul and the Proto-Indo-European ghel, which both mean “yellow/green.” The pure element has been recognised since ancient times.
- Gold is the only metal that is yellow or “golden.”
- When other metals oxidise or react with other chemicals, they can turn yellow, but only when they oxidise or react with other chemicals.
- The metal gold is ductile. A single ounce of gold (about 28 grammes) may be stretched into a gold thread that is 5 miles (8 kilometres) long. Gold threads can also be used for embroidery.
- Malleability refers to a material’s ability to be hammered into thin sheets. Gold is the most malleable element. A single ounce of gold may be hammered into a 300-square-foot sheet of gold.
- It is possible to make a transparent gold sheet that is thin enough. Because gold reflects red and yellow so strongly, very thin gold sheets may seem greenish-blue.
Things to Consider Before Buying Gold in Jalandhar
Failure to undertake a comprehensive examination on the veracity of the creditor: A secured loan, such as a gold loan, is one that is backed up with collateral (gold in this case). This collateral is kept by the creditor or lender until the loan is completely paid off. If a borrower defaults, the creditor may be able to use the collateral to recover some or all of the money owing to the borrower.
You’re not considering all of your options: everyone wants the best gold loan they can get. Because it is contingent on the demands of the borrowers, there is no defined way for acquiring one. However, before signing on the dotted line, be sure you’ve considered all of your options.
Failure to correctly examine the repayment arrangement: Before choosing a loan offer, customers should extensively review the repayment arrangement with their creditors. They will be able to plan ahead of time and prevent defaults if they understand the loan’s terms.
Factors that Influence Gold Prices in Jalandhar
Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV) is an abbreviation for Loan-to-Value Ratio, which indicates the connection between a loan and the net worth of an asset. Creditors use this ratio to measure risk. The higher the LTV, the riskier the investment. In order to obtain the most money from creditors, borrowers must check the LTV ratio. Creditors assess the value of your gold and, based on that, often fund a loan of up to 75% of its total value. If the market value of your gold is Rs. 4 lakh, you may be eligible for a loan of up to Rs. 3 lakh.
Because you don’t know what sort of gold qualifies for a gold loan, you have no notion what sort of gold qualifies. The sentimental value of ornaments is higher, which may inspire borrowers to pay their debts on time. As a result, gold jewellery is preferred as a form of collateral by Indian creditors. Gold bars or bullion are not accepted as security for a gold loan by banks. Gold Rate in Jalandhar varies from internal and external factors.
You don’t know what sort of gold qualifies for a loan because you don’t know what sort of gold qualifies for a loan. Check to determine if the gold jewellery you’re selling meets the purity criteria. Creditors will only approve loans for gold that is 18–22 carats pure or higher. Furthermore, precious stones will be omitted from the loan value calculation if the decorations contain them. Only the weight and purity of the gold will decide the loan value.
KDM and Hallmarked Gold in Jalandhar
- The Bureau of Indian Requirements (BIS) gives a quality certification for hallmarked jewellery that fulfils international purity norms. The composition of the alloying metal and the purity requirements for gold dictated this.
- KDM is a gold-cadmium alloy with 92 per cent gold and 8 per cent cadmium content. This is the process through which the alloy is made. Cadmium is now mixed with gold because of the different melting temperatures of gold and solder material, hence the name KDM.
Understanding 916 Gold Price Today in Jalandhar
Despite the fact that this is one of the most often asked topics, finding an answer might be difficult. Consider how the price of the 916 Gold Rate in Jalandhar is influenced by global trends. The exchange rate of the US dollar against foreign currencies has an influence as well. The Indian word for 22 karat gold is 916 gold. A multitude of factors, including the import tariff rate, impact the gold rate in Jalandhar today.
Apart from municipal taxes, a number of additional variables impact the Gold Rate in Jalandhar. Despite the fact that every aspect influencing the Gold Rate in Jalandhar cannot be defined in detail, investors can buy gold when the current gold rate in Jalandhar is low and sell gold when the current gold rate in Jalandhar increases.
However, Gold Rate in Jalandhar has been particularly erratic, with more volatility likely as policy in a number of nations remains uncertain. Check the current 22-carat Gold Rate in Jalandhar and profit if they’re cheaper. To summarise, the price of gold in 916 will be determined by a number of variables rather than being driven by a single thing.
Best Place to Buy Gold in Jalandhar
There are several marketplaces in Jalandhar, including Shastri Market, Rainak Bazaar, and others. In Jalandhar, banks and non-bank financial companies (NBFCs) participate in such marketplaces, providing trustworthy loans to customers. Banking organisations are the most common loan providers since they offer a wide range of financial services in addition to loans.
Buying a Gold Loan in Jalandhar
In India, obtaining a gold loan is straightforward because it is available both online and offline. Borrowers who take out gold loans should expect to get funds quickly. It’s a no-brainer to get a gold loan from a bank or non-bank financial entity (NBFI).
Customers may now access the websites of Jalandhar’s major banks and non-banking financial organisations (NBFCs) to compare the majority of loan offers. Although this is a simple statement, it is far more complicated for potential buyers. Instead, users may study and compare gold loan offers from a variety of market-leading gold lending providers via Dialabank, India’s first financial helpline.
The Dialabank website has all the information you need regarding loans and other financial products. So visit our website.
Or
By Calling us at Dialabank: 9878981166
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme
The advantages of a gold loan include the fact that gold comes in a variety of forms and sizes. Coins, Bars, necklaces, and bangles, as well as a selection of gold accessories, are available for purchase. It comes in a range of sizes and carats (a metric measurement for gold weight), so you’re likely to find one that fits your needs.
Gold is one of the few physical, touchable objects, and it is also one of the most precious. Other physical assets, such as real estate are far less accessible than gold. Gold may be bought at any store or online with only a few mouse clicks. Because of its tangibility, this investment appeals to many Indian investors.
There is a lot of gold because it is a liquid metal. You may buy pure gold in any jeweller’s shop. Although various firms have various criteria, you might be able to get an early redemption on your investment if you don’t want genuine gold on delivery and only want the money value.
You don’t need to do a technological analysis; instead, look at the current Gold Rate in Jalandharand buy or sell according to your financial circumstances. You are not obligated to do product market research.
The disadvantages of a gold loan include the fact that a gramme of 24-carat Gold Rate in Jalandhar is more than ₹ 52,000.
Investing in gold has a significant initial investment cost. As a result, even a small amount of this commodity necessitates a significant initial investment. You might be able to obtain digital gold for as little as Re 1 on some websites.
When it comes to actual gold, production costs might account for up to 10% of the total value. Gold Rate in Jalandhar changes from time to time and also influences the cost of making jewellery.
The manufacturing expenses are not refundable when you sell your gold back. Therefore you lose that money. The transaction will be a loss if the selling price isn’t high enough to pay the producing costs.
Gold Rate in Jalandhar does not pay dividends or give other forms of extra income, unlike mutual funds and stock investments. You may, however, keep an eye on the gold market and sell it for a higher profit than you paid for it.
Physical gold, on the other hand, comes with its own set of risks, including storage, theft, breakage, and damage to the jewellery.
Some of the above benefits are not available through a mutual fund, which has its own set of advantages and disadvantages to consider when selecting which plan is best for your needs.
Gold Vs. Mutual Funds
MUTUAL FUNDS
GOLD
Complicated
Greater market risk Involved
Options to invest in Equity linked saving scheme (ELSS), Equity mutual funds, debt fund, liquid funds, etc.
More opportunity cost
Latest News on Gold Rate in Jalandhar
2021-01-30:
On Saturday, the Delhi Police conducted raids in Jalandhar, Punjab, in connection with vandalism at the Red Fort during the Kisan tractor demonstration, which was held in protest of the new agricultural regulations on Republic Day. On January 26, Delhi police stormed the Basti Bawa Khel neighbourhood of Jalandhar after receiving information that two men named Jugraj Singh and Navpreet Singh of Tarn Taran had hoisted the Nishan Sahib from the Red Fort’s walls.
2020-11-13:
Jalandhar and Meerut are the leading providers of essential equipment for major sporting events such as the World Cups, UEFA Champions League, and Indian Premier League (IPL), to mention a few. Famous, picky clients like Virat Kohli and Mahendra Singh Dhoni, rely on the artistry of employees in these industrial centres to meet requests for the form, weight, and sweet spot of their bats, even if the governing bodies of football, cricket, and hockey place orders worth billions of rupees.
2020-08-08:
To combat the spread of COVID-19, Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh has announced a night curfew from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. in the worst-affected towns of Ludhiana, Jalandhar, and Patiala starting Saturday. “Concerned about the rising number of COVID-19 cases in the state, Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh has ordered a night curfew from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. in the worst-affected cities of Ludhiana, Jalandhar, and Patiala, as well as directing all major cities/towns to prepare an integrated management plan for disease treatment at both Government and private facilities,” according to the state.
FAQs
✅ What is the rate of interest on a gold loan in Jalandhar?
The interest rate for gold loans in Jalandhar varies depending on the gold loan lender. The lowest gold loan interest rate in Jalandhar is presently 9.50 per cent.
✅ Which bank in Jalandhar offers the finest gold loan?
Axis Bank currently has the best gold loan interest rate in Jalandhar, at 9.50 per cent. Furthermore, Axis Bank gives a maximum loan amount of 2 crores on Axis Bank gold loans, making it the finest bank for high-value loan requirements.
✅ In Jalandhar, what is the maximum term for a gold loan?
In Jalandhar, you may receive a loan against gold for a maximum of 36 months.
✅ How Have Interest Rates Changed in the Last Month in Jalandhar?
The price of gold in Jalandhar has changed during the last month. Due to economic changes, it fell in the first week of March but increased by the following weekend.
Despite a jump in demand the next week, prices fell and stayed low for many days. Regardless of whether today’s gold rates in Jalandhar are higher or lower, gold has always been in high demand.
✅ Is Investing in Gold in Jalandhar a Good Idea?
Gold is most commonly used in jewellery and ornamentation. It’s always a fascinating topic for investors since it’s been proved to provide large long-term profit while also offering a safety net for individuals in high-risk situations.
✅ What Should You Consider Before Purchasing Gold in Jalandhar?
When purchasing gold-related things like jewellery or exchange-traded funds (ETFs), it’s crucial to first check the market by comparing gold rates in Jalandhar from several sources. Check to see if the jewellery you’re buying is hallmarked.
About Jalandhar
Jalandhar’s history is divided into three periods: ancient, mediaeval, and contemporary. The Ghaznavids invaded Jalandhar between 1058 and 1089, under Ibrahim of Ghazni’s rule. During the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, it was eventually incorporated into the province of Lahore. The breakup of the Mughals and power battles between Persians, Afghans, and Sikhs produced turbulence in Jalandhar in the 18th century. In 1766, the Faizullahpuria Misl seized it, and Ranjit Singh annexed it into the Sikh Empire in 1811.
In early 1920, the district’s Khilafat Movement began to exert pressure on the government to modify its position toward Turkey. However, the District was proclaimed a “Proclaimed Area” under the Seditious Meetings Act in reaction to Mahatma Gandhi’s sympathies and support for the cause. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, a Pakistani commander and military ruler, was born in the city in 1924.
Jalandhar became part of the new dominion of India after India’s partition in 1947. Partition’s riots and bloodshed resulted in a huge demographic shift in the district, with the evacuation of the region’s significant Muslim population and the entry of Hindus and Sikhs from the newly formed Pakistan.
